Travelling through a network.

Packets are pieces of information that a computer uses to communicate with another computer over the internet. A packet first leaves the host computer and travels to router then modem. From the modem, the packets reach the Internet Service Provider (ISP) then starts its journey through the internet to the desired computer. Throughout the internet, the packet must pass through multiple other routers further and further away before reaching its destination. Once it had reached the destination, the receiving computer reads the packet and creates another packet to send back to the original computer which must travel in reverse to reach the original computer.

The ping and traceroute results for google returned the faster results. The average roundtrip time for the 3 pings was 46ms while the traceroute roundtrip for each hop was about the same. I did experience a lot of time outs with the hops. When testing the vbreath.pl, an Australian website, the average ping time was 223ms and each hop was faster at around 150ms. My last website I tested was yahoo Japan. The average ping time was 285ms, but the hops ranged from 179ms to 303ms. The roundtrips seem to get slightly longer the future away the website was located. This is due to the distance in which the packets must travel through the internet before reaching its destination. The ping and traceroute can be used to determine where the connection problems are between the requesting and the destination computers. If all packets are lost, the request will time out. If the destination computer is off and is not connected to the internet, this request will time out as well. These examples show how ping and traceroute can be used to troubleshoot a connection over the internet. 

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